Characterizing hydrological processes within kettle holes using stable water isotopes in the Uckermark of northern Brandenburg,Germany     

Stuart Andrew Vyse  Majid Taie Semiromi  Gunnar Lischeid  Christoph Merz 《水文研究》2020,34(8):1868-1887

Understanding the hydrologic connectivity between kettle holes and shallow groundwater, particularly in reaction to the highly variable local meteorological conditions, is of paramount importance for tracing water in a hydro(geo)logically complex landscape and thus for integrated water resource management. This article is aimed at identifying the dominant hydrological processes affecting the kettle holes' water balance and their interactions with the shallow groundwater domain in the Uckermark region, located in the north-east of Germany. For this reason, based on the stable isotopes of oxygen (δ¹⁸O ) and hydrogen (δ²H ), an isotopic mass balance model was employed to compute the evaporative loss of water from the kettle holes from February to August 2017. Results demonstrated that shallow groundwater inflow may play the pivotal role in the processes taking part in the hydrology of the kettle holes in the Uckermark region. Based on the calculated evaporation/inflow (E/I) ratios, most of the kettle holes (86.7%) were ascertained to have a partially open, flow-through-dominated system. Moreover, we identified an inverse correlation between E/I ratios and the altitudes of the kettle holes. The same holds for electrical conductivity (EC) and the altitudes of the kettle holes. In accordance with the findings obtained from this study, a conceptual model explaining the interaction between the shallow groundwater and the kettle holes of Uckermark was developed. The model exhibited that across the highest altitudes, the recharge kettle holes are dominant, where a lower ratio of E/I and a lower EC was detected. By contrast, the lowest topographical depressions represent the discharge kettle holes, where a higher ratio of E/I and EC could be identified. The kettle holes existing in between were categorized as flow-through kettle holes through which the recharge takes place from one side and discharge from the other side.  相似文献   

Dissolved organic matter in surface runoff in the Loess Plateau of China: The role of rainfall events and land-use     

Zhongwu Li  Hao Peng  Binggeng Xie  Chun Liu  Xiaodong Nie  Danyang Wang  Mei Huang  Haibing Xiao  Lin Shi  Xuqin Zhang  Jieyu Jiang 《水文研究》2020,34(6):1446-1459

Exploring the chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is important for understanding the fate of laterally transported organic matter in watersheds. We hypothesized that differences in water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) in soils of varying land uses and rainfall events may significantly affect the quality and the quantity of stream DOM. To test our hypotheses, characteristics of rainfall-runoff DOM and WEOM of source materials (topsoil from different land uses and gullies, as well as typical vegetation) were investigated at two adjacent catchments in the Loess Plateau of China, using ultraviolet–visible absorbance and excitation emission matrix fluorescence with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Results indicated that land-use types may significantly affect the chemical composition of soil WEOM, including its aromaticity, molecular weight, and degree of humification. The PARAFAC analysis demonstrated that the soils and stream water were dominated by terrestrial/allochthonous humic-like substances and microbial transformable humic-like fluorophores. Shifts in the fluorescence properties of stream DOM suggested a pronounced change in the relative proportion of allochthonous versus autochthonous material under different rainfall patterns and land uses. For example, high proportions of forestland could provide more allochthonous DOM input. This study highlights the relevance of soils and hydrological dynamics on the composition and fluxes of DOM issuing from watersheds. The composition of DOM in soils was influenced by land-use type. Precipitation patterns influenced the proportion of terrestrial versus microbial origins of DOM in surface runoff. Contributions of allochthonous, terrestrially derived DOM inputs were highest from forested landscapes.  相似文献   

数字正射影像结合LiDAR数据在山区测绘中的应用     

严慧敏 《测绘通报》2020,(1):115-119

随着信息化社会的到来，现代水利测绘已经由传统测绘向信息化测绘发展，无人机技术应用于测绘行业推进了信息化测绘进程。本文探讨了如何有效利用无人机技术解决测绘领域在山区遇到的问题。固定翼无人机能及时获取地面数字正射影像数据，捕获裸露地面的平面和高程，但是无法获取植被覆盖下的地表高程信息，因此，本文通过机载激光雷达获取植被覆盖下的LiDAR点云数据；将二者数据相结合，再通过EPS软件生成三维地表模型，可以快速获取任何测区地物和地形数据，不仅提高了工作效率，还降低了外业劳动强度。  相似文献   

Impact of Grazing Exclusion on the Surface Heat Balance in North Tibet     

FENG Yunfei  DI Yingwei  ZHANG Jing  ZHANG Xianzhou  SHI Peili  Niu Ben 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):283-289

The grazing exclusion program used by the Tibetan government to protect the ecological environment has changed the vegetation and impacted the surface heat balance in North Tibet. However, little information is available to describe the in?uences of the current grazing exclusion program on local surface heat balance. This study uses the records of fenced grassland patch locations to identify the impact of grazing exclusion on surface heat balance in North Tibet. The records of fenced grassland patch locations, including the longitude, latitude, and elevation of the vertices of each fenced patch (polygon shapes), were provided by the agriculture and animal husbandry bureaus of the counties where the patches were located. ArcGIS 10.2 was used to create polygon shapes based on patch location records. Based on satellite data and the surface heat balance system determined by the model, values for changes in land surface temperature (LST), albedo and evapotranspiration (ET) induced by grazing exclusion were obtained. All of these can influence surface heat balance and alter the fluctuation of LST in the northern Tibetan Plateau. The LST trends for day and night showed an asymmetric diurnal variation, with a larger magnitude of warming in the day than cooling at night. The maximum decrease in absorbed shortwave of LST (-0.5 - -0.4 ℃ per decade) occurred in the central region, while the minimum decrease (-0.2 - -0.1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the eastern region. The decreased latent heat lead to the LST increased maximum (>1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the central region, The eastern region increased at a rate of 0.2-0.5 ℃ per decade, while the minimum increase (0-0.1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the northwestern region.  相似文献   

蒸发波导对GNSS海面反射信号有效散射区域的影响          下载免费PDF全文

刘黎军  夏俊明  白伟华  孙越强  杜起飞  骆黎明 《地球物理学报》2019,62(2):499-507

蒸发波导在海洋低空的发生概率高达90%,对舰船雷达、通信等电磁系统具有重要影响.为了分析利用GNSS卫星海面反射信号的时延-相关功率波形反演蒸发波导的可行性,本文提出了GNSS卫星海面反射信号的有效散射区域的概念,并将有效散射区域内的GNSS反射信号区分为GNSS标准反射信号和GNSS波导反射信号;然后,利用射线追踪方法,仿真分析了GNSS卫星海面反射信号的有效散射区域大小对蒸发波导的关键参数——波导高度的敏感性,并分析了在时延-相关功率波形上利用反射信号的传播时延将二者分离开的可行性.结果表明,GNSS卫星海面反射信号的有效散射区域对蒸发波导高度非常敏感,对于2～25m高的GNSS反射信号接收天线,当蒸发波导的高度由0m增加至20m时,GNSS反射信号有效散射区域半径的均值可由约14km迅速扩展至约160km;采用高度角足够大的GNSS卫星可以将有效散射区内的GNSS标准反射信号与GNSS波导反射信号在时延-相关功率波形上分离开.  相似文献   

Analysis of Spatio-temporal Land Surface Temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Changes in the Andassa Watershed,Blue Nile Basin,Ethiopia     

Melkamu Meseret Alemu 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(1):77-85

Analysis of the nexus between vegetation dynamics and climatic parameters like surface temperature is essential in environmental and ecological studies and for monitoring of the natural resources. This study explored the spatio-temporal distribution of land surface temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the relationship between them in the Andassa watershed from 1986 to 2016 periods using Landsat data. Monthly average air temperature data of three meteorological sites were used for validating the results. The findings of the study showed that the LST of the Andassa watershed has increased during the study periods. Overall, average LST has been rising with an increasing rate of 0.081°C per year. Other results of this study also showed that there has been a dynamic change in vegetation cover of the watershed in all seasons. There was also a negative correlation between LST and NDVI in all the studied years. From this study we can understand that there has been degradation of vegetation and intensification of LST from 1986 to 2016.  相似文献   

新疆和田地区耕地面源污染生态风险评价          下载免费PDF全文

田丰收  刘新平  原伟鹏 《干旱区地理》2019,42(2):295-304

随着化肥、农膜等在农业生产中的过量投入，耕地面源污染的程度随之加重。文章选取塔里木河流域上游和田地区为研究区域，依据P-S-R框架理论，构建和田地区耕地面源污染生态风险评价指标体系，加入土壤理化数据，使用生态风险评价模型对和田地区1980 年及2016 年耕地面源污染状况进行生态风险评价，运用耕地生态风险模型、生态风险转移矩阵、Arcgis分析和田地区耕地面源污染时空分异状况。研究结论如下：和田地区1980 年耕地生态风险等级均为II级或III级，呈“中间高，两侧低”分布；2016 年耕地生态风险等级上升至IV级或V级，呈“倒W型”分布，各县耕地面源污染程度较1980 年均有较大幅度的上升，其中墨玉县和于田县在2016 年耕地生态风险等级达到最高的V级，而民丰县因自身生态环境的强脆弱性，同样需要提高关注。根据面源污染“从源头治理”的原则，应切实推进和田地区耕地生态环境保护与治理，提高政府重视程度，增强技术指导，开展试点工作，改善和田地区耕地面源污染现状。  相似文献   

机载WIDAS数据的Landsat卫星反照率初步验证   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

何丹丹  焦子锑  董亚冬  张小宁  丁安心  尹思阳  崔磊  常雅轩 《遥感学报》2019,23(1):53-61

随着精细化监测的需求,中高空间分辨率的地表反照率产品逐渐成为气候模型的主要输入。目前,中高空间分辨率反照率产品的验证主要基于地表站点的通量塔观测数据,区域机载飞行数据的验证依然相对较少。因此,本文基于区域机载数据验证Landsat反照率产品。针对内蒙古自治区根河森林试验区所获取的机载红外广角双模式成像仪(WIDAS)多角度反射率数据,应用BRDF原型反演算法估算其反照率,分析了应用机载数据验证中高空间分辨率反照率产品的潜力。2016年内蒙古根河森林试验区机载WIDAS飞行多角度观测的可用多角度范围为25°,以前的研究表明BRDF原型反照率反演算法表现出对小观测角度的反照率反演结果的鲁棒性。因此,机载WIDAS反照率在一定程度可用于星载反照率的验证。首先,基于核驱动模型和各向异性平整指数(AFX)提取了试验区4种MODIS二向性反射分布函数(BRDF)原型;然后,将其作为先验知识应用到根河森林WIDAS机载数据的反照率反演中;最后,用WIDAS反照率和单个地面通量塔观测的反照率对Landsat卫星数据的反照率进行初步验证。验证结果表明Landsat反照率与WIDAS反照率结果较为一致,但略有低估,总体均方根误差(RMSE)约为0.02,偏差为0.0057。在多角度观测范围较小时,BRDF原型的反照率反演算法可为星载地表反照率的验证提供了一种有效的验证手段。  相似文献   

海表面温度时空变异特征及对验证误差影响     

蒋锦刚  徐曜  聂晨晖  潘骁骏  周斌 《遥感学报》2019,23(2):336-348

海洋要素的变化存在明显的区域性和季节性的变化特性,本文选择海洋要素中最为突出的海表面温度(SST)要素作为主要分析参数,设计时空变异参数的计算指标,分析时空变异对验证误差影响的关系,通过研究及试验的数据精度验证,证明了时空变异是造成误差的直接原因之一。强烈的时空属性变异,在验证过程中会引入很大的验证误差,处于不同变异等级区划的数据,其验证结果相对误差可达13.08%,变异越剧烈的区域,精度验证效果越差,验证误差就越大,这些误差并非完全是遥感产品的误差,验证结果不具有代表性,不能真实的反映遥感产品的误差特征。对于SST等海洋遥感产品验证时,需要考虑时空变异对验证误差的影响和贡献,合理选择验证试验区域、代表性的评价数据集和科学的评价方法。  相似文献   

利用水系沉积物高程定量恢复古地貌的技术方法——以鲁西白彦地区白彦砾岩为例          下载免费PDF全文

程光锁  于学峰  杨斌  胡戈  李兆营  周军  刘卫东  罗文强  马祥县 《山东国土资源》2019,35(9)

主要分析了构造抬升对水系和地形的影响和恢复,以从古生代灰岩围岩中大面积但零星出露的岩溶砾岩点为研究对象,对区域古水系和地形地貌恢复和反演做出了新的尝试。在收集资料和实测的基础上,尝试性探讨了利用稳定水体参照物高程反演抬升高度以及邻区山峰点的古高程、古水系,恢复区域上古地形地貌的技术方法。并以白彦地区为例,通过白彦岩溶砾岩的分布、产状、金刚石矿物含量、岩性等地质特征,恢复白彦地区古地形线、古水系位置和流向等古地理地貌,指出在白彦期时代,该区总体发育4个水系,邹城市大石墙水系、枣庄水系、平邑水系、费县水系,水系中金刚石含量较为丰富的砾岩点大多分布在凤凰山隆起中心,其中在平邑水系推测存在一个山地峡谷中的古湖泊。认为蒙山凸起中已知的常马庄地区的金伯利岩脉所含有金刚石可能主要供应平邑区水系,其他3个地区水系的金刚石可能来源于凤凰山及其东部隆起剥蚀地区。  相似文献